Rhizobium inoculation is a win-win strategy for improving growth, yield and resource use efficiency in non-legumes. Rhizobia not only improve plant growth in normal conditions but also improve biotic/ abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Production of enzymes, exopolysaccharides, phytohormones and anti0xidants are their beneficial attributes which may involve in solace or in combination for improving plant productivity. Various researchers have been explored them in non-legumes but there is dire need to explore them for improving stress tolerances in plants.