Mesopotamia was the cradle of life. As It characterized with ecosystem diversity, it has specific diversity of fishes specially those they belong to family Cyprinidae. All the previous studies to discriminate among Cyprinidae members particularly the most similar species of genus Barbus followed traditional methods such as biometry, Osteology and protein electrophoresis. The present study included the most common six Barbus species belong to the subfamily Cyprininae: B. xanthopterus, B. kersin, B. barbulus, B. grypus, B. Sharpeyi, B. luteus and Cyprinus carpio as a close relative from other...