HCC represents the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide, and accounts for the top three cause of death in the Asia-Pacific region. The risk factor associated with HCC include age, sex, alcohol, diet, and infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). The incidence rate of HCC is plausibly linked to geographic area and geo-economic conditions; it is possible that gene polymorphism may be associated with the risk of HCC. PCR technique is used for the diagnosis of point mutation in the MDM2 gene. The point mutation at MDM2-SNP309 from T to G was detected which may be...

Every student of Bachelor Business Administration has an essential requirement to do Six to Eight weeks internship in any of the well reputed organization. The purpose of this program is to acquaint the students with practical applications of theoretical concepts taught to them during conduct of their BBA (Hons) program. The internship in Habib Bank was arranged by the job placement cell of the institute. Really, it was a nice opportunity to have a close comparison of theoretical concept in practical field, involving the use of primary and secondary data.

A biomolecule is any molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.This book describes application of various techniques like polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis for the analysis of these complex molecules and for disease diagnosis.

A sterility test may be defined as - 'a test that critically assesses whether a sterilized pharmaceutical product is free from contaminating microorganisms'. Pharmaceutical products were tested for contamination and the presence of toxins. Various methods were used for this purpose. The objective of this study is to determine whether the pharmaceutical products in the markets are sterile and free of toxins.

Serological tests may be performed for diagnostic purposes when an infection is suspected, in rheumatic illnesses, and in many other situations, such as checking an individual's blood type. Serology blood tests help to diagnose patients with certain immune deficiencies associated with the lack of antibodies, such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia. In such cases, tests for antibodies will be consistently negative. There are several serology techniques that can be used depending on the antibodies being studied. These include: ELISA, agglutination, precipitation, complement-fixation, and...

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a very serious threat to public health. Frequencies of bacterial resistance are increasing worldwide while very few new antibiotics are being developed. Therefore alternative antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed.Estimation of the main components of a food using procedures that allows a reasonably rapid and acceptable measurement of various food fractions is known as Proximate Analysis of Food (FDA, 2001). Crude estimation crude fat, crude protein, not true value but adequate. It is important in food quality, food processing operations and legal and...

Biofertilizer are microorganism that helps plants to grow by increasing the quantity of nutrients and mainly associated with the plant rhizosphere. Since these fertilizers contain living microorganisms, it increases or promotes the supply of important nutrients. An increasing number of farmers and agriculturists are turning to the use of biofertilizers, as these are gentler on the soil as against chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are meant to boost the growth of plants and increase the fertility of the soil; however they cause significant damage to the environment. Biofertilizers...

Even when its origins are still uncertain, the uses of calendula as a medicine and as a colouring were known to the old herbalists, especially Arabs and Hindus. Greeks, who started cultivating it more recently, used calendula flowers to decorate their feasts and to make garlands to honour their heroes. Calendula has long been used in topical applications, to treat skin ulcers, infected wounds, diaper rash, eczema, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, periodontitis and conjunctivitis. The study revealed that Calendula oil has great potential to be used for pharmaceuticals purposes. Natural oil derived...