Biopolymers, such as proteins and nucleic acids have been subjected to a rational succession of structural studies in which the determination of chemical compositions, link ages, and sequences is followed by investigations of molecu lar architecture and interactions. By the end of the 1960s the covalent structures of glycosaminoglycans and proteo glycans had been defined both within the carbohydrate chains and in respect to their linkages to protein. The scene was therefore set for successful probing of three dimensional shapes and intermolecular associations. For tunately, during the 1970s...