English summary: From the two sources of human knowledge (empirical knowledge, logical analysis), Bauberger develops two basic questions of scientific theory, according to which the book is structured: First, scientific theory reflects the methods of the empirical sciences and thus provides assistance for their use. It also assesses the validity of the empirical findings and thus sets itself a genuinely philosophical task. The resulting dialogue of specific scientific fields, methods and meta-reflection shows the relevance of scientific work and calls on the language skills of students...