The aim of this text is to increase your understanding of the methods employed for improving the quality of printed circuit boards (PCBs) in a practical manufacturing environment, by discussing printed circuit board faults and the test strategies implemented to detect these faults. This text emphasizes in-circuit testing as a prime test and diagnostic technique. Test strategies are described - implementing functional board testers, in-circuit board testers, in-circuit analyzers, and loaded- board shorts testers. Also discussed are in-circuit tester's hardware, software, fix turing, and...