Sheep (Ovis aries) is well-thought-out to be a significant source of nutrition around the world. This study is about exploiting the possibility of irradiating sheep meat with Gamma Radiation and optimizing a radiation dose that can be set as a standard against which sheep meat could be sterilized in future in Pakistan. Radiation treatment can adequately eliminate possibly pathogenic bacteria that includes both long-time known pathogens such as Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus as well as new emerging pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes or Escherichia coli O157:...

Carrot is recognized as one of the nutritious vegetable as it contains essential nutrients, vitamins, fibers and minerals required for normal growth and development of overall being. It is gaining importance all over the world due to its health benefit.The aim of study was to extend the shelf life of carrot by eliminating the residing micro flora on carrot without affecting its nutritional values by optimizing gamma radiation dose. The samples of the carrot were sent to PARAS and irradiated at different doses i.e. 1 kGy and 1.5 kGy. The main purpose of the study was to optimize such dose at...

Irradiation is the significant way of sterilization of food from microbes. This study is conducted to determine the microbial load on organic chicken and their elimination by gamma radiation and enhance the shelf life of organic chicken and optimizing the radiation dose that can be set as a standard for the sterilization of organic chicken meat in Pakistan. The microbes which eliminated by radiation treatment are Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Aeromonas hydrophila. In addition to this, acid and antibiotic resistant microbial load is also...

The main aim of this study is the estimation of microbial load on tracheostomy tube and subsequent optimization of gamma radiation dose for efficient decontamination of the tube. The microflora of previously EtO sterilized tracheostomy tubes of three different companies was ascertained. The microflora was then identified by morphological analysis of the bacterial colonies followed by Gram staining and biochemical characterization tests. These tests revealed the presence of two different kinds of gram positive bacteria: Bacilus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Three samples of the...

Drainage bags are used in patients that have urinary retention or having surgery. Many infectious diseases have been reported due to the use of unsterilized catheters of these drainage bags. The undertaken provides the most efficient method for sterilization of drainage bags that is gamma radiations. The dose of 25kGy was optimized at which no microbial load were found. So, it was concluded that gamma radiations are very effective method for sterilization of drainage bags

Blood transfusion set is a medical device that is used for the administration of blood in the recipient's body through intravenous cell line. Many different companies used several different techniques to sterilize this medical device but still there found the chance of contamination to the patients. To avoid any hazardous effect to the patients it is necessary to completely sterilize the medical devices. The most advance technique that is being used for the sterilization of medical devices is Gamma radiations which the most promising technique. it kills almost all the microorganisms present...

Tomatoes belong to the Solanaceae (the nightshade family). Lycopersicon esculentum is a perennial plant in the tropics but in northern climates it is grown as an annual. Botanically this vegetable is a fruit (a berry). The tomato is a native of the Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador area of the Andes Mountains. It is found in great varieties and types, which are consumed worldwide, because of its highly nutritious values. Export of tomatoes from Pakistan is less because of post harvest losses. To reduce the post harvest losses, radiation was chosen as a treatment. The present study focused on the...

Pakistan is a big market where a huge amount of fruits and vegetables are grown. However, the marketing system is deficient in proper storage facilities and hence considerable post-harvest loss occurs. Spinach is a flimsy crop therefore it is difficult to store the spinach. Spinach is fit for human use and flowering plant of the family of Amaranthaceae.The effect of gamma radiation on moisture content of spinach indicated that moisture content decreased after the treatment. This might be due to retardation of senescence and inhibition of metabolic activities that moisture is decreased in the...

Structure and physiological systems of the eye allows light perception. Human visual system functions when lens focuses the light onto the retina. Thus, any defect in the structure and function of the lens leads to vision loss. Lens malformations especially cataracts are the major cause of blindness worldwide and accounts for 10% of all childhood blindness. Low vision is any chronic visual condition which cannot be corrected by spectacles or contact lenses and becomes lower every day. Abnormalities in the lens, retina or any other part of the visual system leads to low vision. A...