Verification of declared components in food products is essential to ensure transparency in food labeling and safeguard consumers' trusts, religious faiths, health, and hard earned fortunes. Conventional methods based on PCR-based DNA analysis has reached a ceiling stage and has limitations in detecting short-length DNA markers which survive in harsh conditions. PCR-based methods are also expensive and need product authentication to eliminate ambiguity. DNA detection using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is very promising because it does not need any complex and expensive instrumentations and...