This book represents the first bioluminescent Vibrio gigantis strains. With in the scope of this work, it was carried out identification of the bioluminescent Vibrio gigantis strains based on fenotypic and molecular characterizations and also determination of genetic diversity of the strains based on Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. A lot of characteristics determined in this work are the first report in literatures. As a result of this work, it has been concluded that Izmir Bay harbours the first bioluminescent Vibrio gigantis strains with high rate of genomic polymorphism.