Semiconductive materials are used widely in industry, space technology, environmental monitoring, assessment and many other applications. Therefore, nano materials, organic semiconductor and composites based devices have been the subject of investigation in the past few years due to their low cost, simplicity of devices fabrication and interesting electrical and optical properties. This book is compiled in collaboration of Tajik and Pakistani scientists based on the result of research of nano materials, organic semiconductor and composites properties and devices to provide awareness and...

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae is one of the most important cash crop of the southern parts of Pakistan. Capsicum is cultivated on a large scale in a lower region of Sindh, Pakistan. It is an important and profitable crop of Pakistan. Several biotic and abiotic stresses affect the productivity of chilli crop. In Pakistan, it is threaten by a number of pathogens. Soil-borne fungi and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most serious diseases that attack chilli crop. Chitin amendment is recommended as a safe and commercially applicable method for...

The region of Sindh is positioned atop a fertile land making conditions suitable for farming and irrigation. Being centrally connected to the River Indus has gained an advantage in horticulture and farming over the years. The wide variations in geographical conditions, altitude, soil, climate and culture have created a rich floristic diversity in Sindh. The soil of Sindh land is considered fertile and productive for vegetation. The vegetation of Sindh is naturally beautiful scenic for everyone. Vegetation is also considered part of our literature. Poets and writer always refer the beauty of...