Abdominal trauma may pose a significant diagnostic challenge to the trauma surgeons as well as radiologists. Clinical findings are often unreliable and have low sensitivity for diagnosis of intra-peritoneal injuries following such injuries. Ultrasound imaging is a common method of diagnosing intra-abdominal injuries. This study was conducted to determine the role of USG in detecting intra-abdominal injuries. Objective: To determine the frequency of correct findings of abdominal ultrasonography compared with CT scan in detection of solid intra-abdominal visceral injuries in patients coming to...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease caused by Peste des petits rumunats virus (PPRV). The disease primarily affects goats and sheep. It costs a huge economic loss to Pakistan annually. An attenuated vaccine prepared by subsequent passages on vero cells is used for immunoprophylaxix of PPR. Different studies have reported antiviral activity of Acacia nilotica and other species of Acacia against different animal and human viruses. The present study was designed, to determine the cytotoxic and antiviral potential of different extract of Acacia nilotica against...

Objectively Structured Performance Evaluation (OSPE) questions enable assessment of theoretical, practical as well as problem-solving skills of students.This Book has been prepared with devotion and hard work so that all medical students could get an easy approach to OSPE questions of Pharmacology & Therapeutics. I hope you to find the book informative and wish you luck in learning the fascinating subject of pharmacology.