Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are commonest infectious disease in humans worldwide and account for high mortality and morbidity. Prevalence of the LRTIs is generally much more in elderly and paediatric age groups. Resistance to common antibiotic drugs in lower respiratory tract pathogens is a global problem. Sputum samples were collected in a sterile wide mouth universal container and then examined macroscopically and microscopically. Samples were inoculated on blood agar, MacConkey's agar and chocolate agar and incubated at 37 C for 24-48 hours. Organisms were identified by...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common acute infection which occurs in females. Females are more frequently affected by UTI (particularly cystitis) due to (1) colonization of urethra by colonic Gram-negative bacilli (2) close proximity of urethra to anus. (3) short length of urethra (about 4cm) and (4) sexual intercourse (Introduction of bacteria into the bladder). Hence this study was undertaken to detect the incidence of UTI in females and to determine the factors responsible for the development of UTI. 100 urine samples from females were processed for detection of UTI and...

Candidiasis is the commonest fungal disease in human being. The causative agent of the disease is Candida albicans and non- albicans Candida. Candida has 163 acknowledged anamorphic species, present on the different habitat out of which following species are C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae, C. kefyr, C. rugosa, C. dubliniensis and C. viswanathii known to causing disease in human beings. The virulence factors of the C. albicans have the great role in the pseudohyphae formation by attached with epithelial cells and...