During the last decade optical techniques have been widely explored for medical imaging since spectroscopic measurements on human tissue may offer noninvasive, nondestructive and near real time detection of diseases. Development of a method that would provide information about the depth distribution of fluorophores in tissue would greatly enhance the diagnostic capability of fluorescence technique This book discusses a noninvasive fluorophore depth measurement technique in turbid media.

The book " Orthodontic Mini implants" summarizes the concepts in the basic aims, designing, treatment aspects. "ORTHODONTIC ANCHORAGE" is defined as "resistance to unwanted tooth movement" . Anchorage, defined as the ability to resist unwanted reactive tooth movements, can be provided by the orthodontic appliance, but in most cases additional anchorage is required. This additional anchorage has traditionally been provided by adding resistant units, headgear or inter maxillary elastics, resulting in distribution of the reaction forces and reduction of the pressure on the anchor units....