A primary health care approach to trachoma control was implemented in two Central Australian Aboriginal communities in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara land, Pipalyatjara and Mimili based on the World Health Organization (WHO) SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial hygiene, and Environmental improvements). Baseline data was gathered for 18 months from March 1999 through September 2000 for trachoma prevalence, facial cleanliness, and nasal discharge parameters. A one-time dose of azithromycin was given in September 2000. The chief focus was children under 15 years of age, whose pre-intervention...