The healing process is a complex and integrated sequence of events initiated by the stimulus of injury. It requires the well - orchestrated action of many specialized cell types to restore structural and functional integrity. Unlike other wounds in the body, in periodontal wounds, there is a mineralized tissue interface at the junction of epithelium and connective tissue. The understanding of this process is necessary to visualize the outcome of different periodontal procedures, which inhibits the further progression of periodontal disease and restore the lost periodontal structures....

A periodontitis-involved root surface is hypermineralised and non biocompatible because of its adsorbed bacterial toxins; these may promote periodontal breakdown. Scaling and root planning remove bacterial deposits, calculus, and the superficial layers of root surface but lead to production of smear layer. In an attempt to remove the smear layer and demineralize the contaminated root surface, different chemical agents have been used. These agents demineralize the root surface, and expose the dentin collagen matrix. The exposed collagen acts as a substrate that supports the chemotaxis,...