The Spanish Civil War was the first battle against fascism in Europe. Five months after the victory of dictator Francisco Franco in Spain, the conflict moved to Europe with the outbreak of the Second World War. Anti-fascist resistance groups formed by ordinary citizens emerged in virtually all European countries. Although the Spanish resistance constituted the first and last anti-fascist resistance movement in Europe, the Spanish case has been consistently overlooked by international studies. This book inserts the Spanish anti-Franco resistance into the European context, proposing a new...