Rice is a major crop that is grown in more than 110 countries. The total area planted under rice in India is 44.0 million hectares which is largest in the world against a total area of 156.6 million hectares. The average yield of rice in India is 3.2 tonnes/hectare alone. The reasons for low yield are limited area under irrigation, seasonal shortage of resources and delay in land preparation and transplanting. A study on economics and major constraints in rice cultivation in Kaithal district of Haryana was conducted during 2009-10.Total costs in rice production amounted to be Rs. 33778.68/ha....

This book is basically about the application of queuing theory in broadband communication networks. This presents various queuing models and their transient solutions. Simulation technique is used to obtain some numerical results for these models. The concepts of catastrophe and restoration are introduced in correlated input queuing systems with various extensions. The transient solutions are obtained using the probability generating function technique.

The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is one of the most common type of feedback controllers used in dynamics systems. This controller has been widely used in many different areas such as aerospace, process control, manufacturing, robotics and automation. In this book a comparison has been made between the performances of PID controllers used in various industries and that of its fuzzy model. To achieve this goal, real time data was collected from different PID controllers used in various industries for measurement of temperature, pressure, flow and level at various positions...

This book deals with methodology development of overlay design for low volume roads by means of a rational which accounts for determination of deflections of paved and unpaved surfaces with light weight deflectometer. In developing countries like India most of the overlay design of pavements was done by using static method like Benkelman beam deflectometer.This study took as it basis an assessment of the stress and strain distribution in the pavement layers to the materials failure envelope using KENPAVE software. Finally, the frame work of the proposed method contributes to overlay design of...

Podands are the open chain ligands with pendant coordinating sites having potential donor atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen. These acyclic multidentate ligands possess a good capability of forming host- guest complexes. Podands unlike their macrocyclic analogues, do not have well-defined preorganised cavities but encapsulate the suitable cation due to flexible behaviour of the pendant binding sites. During complex formation, podands undergo conformational changes due to their high degree of flexibility.

Hydrogel are networked structures of polymer crosslinked to each other and surrounded by an aqueous solution. The polymer chains contain acidic or basic groups bound to them. The acidic groups on the chains deprotonate at high pH, whereas the basic groups protonate at low pH. In the presence of an aqueous solution, the polymer chains absorb water and the association, dissociation and binding of various ions to polymer chains causes the hydrogel to swell. The swelling and shrinking properties of hydrogels are currently being exploited in a number of applications including control of...

In all the three lakes 148 species of phytoplankton and 79 species of zooplankton have been recorded. A list of all the species encountered during present investigation, along with their presence/absence, frequency of appearance, abundance and seasonality has been given. Higher values of Shannon-Wiener index (3.187-3.310), Simpson index (0.942-0.948) and Margalef index (4.959-5.388) were observed in Prashar Lake, whereas lower values of Shannon-Wiener Index (1.177-1.924), Simpson index (0.153-0.513) and Margalef index (1.398-1.650) were recorded in Rewalsar Lake. Higher values (0.432-0.860)...

Human security is an emerging paradigm for understanding global vulnerabilities whose proponents challenge the traditional notion of national security by arguing that the proper referent for security should be the individual rather than the state. Human security holds that a people-centered view of security is necessary for national, regional and global stability. The concept emerged from a post-Cold War, multi-disciplinary understanding of security involving a number of research fields, including development studies, international relations, strategic studies, and human rights. The United...

This book addresses the issues related to the macro management, micro intricacies and global financial crisis triggered by the financial derivatives. This book provides the comprehensive analysis of threats to the economic stability due to leveraging and speculation activities in the use of financial derivatives. Since it is believed that recent financial crisis was sparked off by the over exposed financial derivatives. Here, an attempt has been made to explore this crisis at great length without using complicated mathematics. While investing in various assets and making adequate portfolios,...

This book is about the study of manifolds with indefinite metrics. Since the concept of space-time in physics is endowed with indefinite metric and by combining space and time into a single manifold, various theories have been simplified, so the study of manifolds with indefinite metric has a great relevance towards the geometrization of Physics. In this context, various manifolds namely quasi-Kaehler manifolds, Kaehler manifolds and Sasakian manifolds, with indefinite metric, have been studied in this book. It also elaborates the concept of lightlike (degenerate) geometry of submanifolds. In...