Controller design and choosing a particular control scheme is an important task in a particular control application. Different control schemes are used in process control for the purpose of controlling a particular application. Tuning of PID controller for first order, second order and third order process has been done using various tuning methods. In this book the performance evaluation of different control schemes using various conventional tuning methods such as Ziegler Nichols, Relay auto tuning, Modulus Optimum, and Computational Optimization have been compared. PID controller tuning...

Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are extensively used in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and Image Processing. In this book, an arithmetic Sum-of-Product (SOP) based approach to implement area- and delay-efficient DFT and FIR filter circuits is presented. The proposed SOP based engine uses an improved column compression algorithm, and handles the sign of the input efficiently. The partial products of the computation are compressed down to two operands, which are then added using a single hybrid adder. The problem of synthesizing DFT and FIR filters...

Dramatic progress has been made in particle physics during the past three decades. The B physics is one of the most exciting and rich field in today's world of particle physics to test the Standard Model and to explore the new physics. One of the most mysterious phenomena in particle physics that remains unresolved for a long time is the CP violation which is directly related to matter-antimatter asymmetry. Until recently, the CP violation was seen only in Kar K system and it was expected to be significantly large in Bar B system. In the summer of 2001 the presence of CP violation in the B...

The least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) has many attractive characteristics such as the lack of an inf-supcondition and the resulting symmetric positive system of algebraic equations unlike Galerkin finite element method (GFEM). However, the higher continuity requirements for second-order terms in the governing equations force the introduction of additional unknowns through the use of an equivalent first-order system of equations or the use ofC continuous basis functions, limiting the application of LSFEM to large-scale practical problems. A novel finite element method is proposed...