Why have seemingly similar African countries developed very different forms of democratic party systems? Despite virtually ubiquitous conditions that are assumed to be challenging to democracy low levels of economic development, high ethnic heterogeneity, and weak state capacity nearly two dozen African countries have maintained democratic competition since the early 1990s. Yet the forms of party system competition vary greatly: from highly stable, nationally organized, well-institutionalized party systems to incredibly volatile, particularistic parties in systems with low...
Why have seemingly similar African countries developed very different forms of democratic party systems? Despite virtually ubiquitous conditions that ...
