The inevitable decline in petroleum reserves impacting gasoline prices, combined with climate change concerns have contributed to current interest in renewable fuels. Bioethanol is the most successful renewable transport fuel. Corn and sugarcane ethanol are currently widely used as blend-in fuels in the US, Brazil, and a few other countries; however, there are a number of major drawbacks in these first generation biofuels, such as their effect on food prices, net energy balance, and poor greenhouse gas mitigation. Alternatively, cellulosic ethanol can be produced from abundant...