In 1636, Roger Williams, recently banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of his religious beliefs, established a settlement at the head of Narragansett Bay that he named "Providence." This small colony soon became a sanctuary for those seeking to escape religious persecution. Within a few years, a royal land patent and charter resulted in the formation of the "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations," which incorporated Williams' original settlement and espoused his tenets of freedom of religion and separation of church and state. During the ensuing decades, thousands...