The Randstad metropolitan region encompassing Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht in the western Netherlands is regarded worldwide as a model of a successful polycentric metropolis. It is widely cited as an example of an effectively functioning region made up of inter-connected small cities providing complementary functions which together provide the benefits of one larger monocentric city. The methods of strategic spatial planning, regional design and strategic projects are used as models for practitioners and students around the world.

However, the functioning of this...