The chronic shortage of labour in Kerala and the resultant higher wage rates received the attention among the workers from other states and they began to move to Kerala in search of work. This has opened a new era of replacement migration to Kerala. This led to the state again become an in-migrating state after a break of about 60 years since the 1960s. Though initially the in-migrants in Kerala were from the neighbouring states like Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh mostly seasonal and short-duration migration, at a later period the state started getting migrants from far distant states. This...