Scaling of MOSFET is being carried out through several dcades and we moved from micron to nano scale region. Scaling improves performance but at the same time it has some adverse effect, because as MOSFET is scaled down the source and drain come so close to each other so that the gate is loosing control over the channel is called short channel effect. Here work have been carried by doing engineering fabrication technique to reduce its SCE under 40nm channel length of an engineered device and is compared the non engineered device of having same technology to have better short channel immunity...

The book traces the genesis of Pakistan military's role in the governance of the country. With a focus on the military's political role, the book comprehensively explains the military's intrusion into politics and its implications. Governance in Pakistan is a complicated balancing act between the elected civilian leaders and the military chiefs. Primarily, it is a power-sharing arrangement in which the military has significant influence over security, defence, foreign policy and domestic issues. Delineating on how nuclear programme came under military control, the author states that the...