This cross-sectional study provides the first evidence on trypanosome species and subspecies in cattle from Karamoja region, northeast Uganda. In a preliminary survey conducted in May 2011, a total of 706 indigenous cattle from seven communal herds were sampled to detect presence of trypanosomes using micro-haematocrit buffy coat, thick film and thin smear film techniques. The overall herds' prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be 5.2% (37/706); 11.5% (9/78) in Lokona kraal, 11.0% (15/137) in Lotanyet and 5.9% (13/220) in Natuket, while the other four communal kraals were aparasitaemic....