The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is an important polyphagous pest, infesting crops of major economic importance. During the last 30 years, it has become an increasingly important pest on cotton, groundnut and mungbean. After intensive use of broad spectrum insecticides, S. litura populations have developed high levels of resistance to almost all conventional insecticides.Because of the widespread resistance, there is an urgent need for chemicals with different modes of action and those that do not select for cross resistance to conventional insecticides. Integrating new...