Functional appliances are considered to be primarily orthopedic tools to influence the facial skeleton of the growing child in the condylar and sutural areas. All functional appliances take advantage of interaction between mechanical function and morphologic pattern and use common mechanisms of bone turnover, rhythm, activation, resorption, and formation for their action.These effects are produced because of their ability to alter the stomatognathic muscle balance. For growth modification, functional appliances transmit forces (from muscles or viscoelastic stretch of soft tissue) to the...

Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics is the first speciality in dentistry. The objective of this textbook of Orthodontics is to provide a comprehensive review of this subject that is accessible to students especially post-graduates. Every-day we learn something new through our clinical exposure in this field. With time and experience orthodontists learn many technique adjuncts that work for them and which facilitate the clinical treatment of their patients. A number of these adjuncts are published in different journals. In this book I tried to collate some of these clinical tips. Our goal...