In recent years, there is an increasing concern that occupational and environmental exposure to toxic pollutants disrupts male reproduction of wild life and humans. Phthalates are a family of industrial chemicals produced from alcohols that have been used for a variety of purposes, such as plasticizers that impart flexibility and durability to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. When incorporated into PVC, phthalates are not covalently bound and are therefore easily released into the environment, consequently resulting in animal and human exposure. Besides, phthalates have also been used...