Both environmental and human challenges, such as natural disasters, require scientifically sound simulations of physical phenomena to better understand the past and predict future trends for improved decision support. However, such simulations pose great computing challenges to both Earth and computer sciences. This book addresses those challenges through a series of strategies. Adaptively-coupled nested models are used to resolve the computational challenges and enable the computability of dust storm forecasting by dividing the large geographical area into multiple subdomains with much small...