Human urine contains Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium which can be applied as fertilizer for agriculture fields instead of commercially available fertilizer. However, due to low contents of nutrients in urine, its huge quantity is required to be transported to farmland to meet nutrient demand of crops which increases transportation cost. To address transportation issue, a new onsite volume reduction system was tested at laboratory scale. Mathematical water transport model was proposed to evaluate performance of the system. Mass transfer coefficient and resistance of water flow through the...

The parameters of the water transport model from a wet cloth sheet to the air, developed for the de-ionized water to establish design procedures of the onsite volume reduction system, were identified for high salts concentrations present in the synthetic urine. The results showed that the water penetration was neither affected by the salts, the urea and the creatinine present in the synthetic urine nor the salts accumulated on the surface of the vertical gauze sheet. However, the saturated vapour pressure decreased leading to reduction in the evaporation rate, which occurred due to the salts...

In developing countries, access to the adequate sanitation systems is still limited, and a new business model is required.