Mathematical models for revealing the dynamics and interaction properties inside biological systems play an important role in computational systems biology. This work is motivated by the current difficulties in identifying practical bio-system models. In the field of systems biology, available data are often noisy, sparse and expensive to collect. Therefore, system identification is a challenging problem. A major task of identifying a model, as described in terms of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with indeterminate parameters, can be formulated into an optimization...