Alpha-lipoic acid is a sulfur-containing substance that is readily converted to and from its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid. Alpha-lipoic acid acts as a coenzyme in reactions that occur in the Krebs cycle; specifically it is involved in the decarboxylation of pyruvate and some other alpha-keto acids. It may well be the perfect antioxidant. Alpha-lipoic acid has researched for use in the treatment of HIV and diabetes Because it dissolves in both water and fat, this so-called "universal antioxidant" is able to scavenge more wayward free-radical cells than most antioxidants, the majority of...

Trace elements are elements that occur in human & animal tissues in milligram per kilogram amounts or less. Although trace elements are only required in small amounts, is less than 100mg per day, they are vitally important. Deficiency can lead to serious disorders. Several trace elements are essential micronutrients and are required for various body functions and well being of the immune system. Various types of trace elements and their applications are discussed.

Implant imaging is probably one of the most important procedures in the field of dentistry because of the emergence of implants as worldwide replacement for missing teeth. Proper implant imaging is very important not only for successful placement of implants but also in reducing radiographic exposures. As patient awareness on oral health and treatment options available increases, the demand for quality dental care also increases.