This book reviews statistical exciton model of nuclear reactions, and how it is used to calculate Preequilibrium Emission (PE) spectra and reaction cross-sections at energies about 80 MeV. Numerical calculations are made for a two-component system, for (N,N) reactions with Fe-54, Fe-56, Rh-103, and Bi-209 nuclei. Two contributions to the existing model are made: The development of a complete and analytical solution to calculate the state density of excited states based on the one-component non-Equidistant Spacing Model (non-ESM). Also, a simple numerical approach to solve the master...

Positron is the simplest antimatter particle, and it is the electrons unsociable twin, they have identical characters with opposite electric charges. Thus, when they meet spatially they annihilate each other. This particle has drawn attention since the early days of nuclear era, since it proved vital theories such as Einsteins mass-energy equivalence law. The existence of such natural entities is, however, ruled by many physical laws similar to those of the (negative) electron. This book discusses the physical nature of positrons in a straightforward yet explicable way and reviews the wide...