A problem related to the religious connotations of current emblems for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement which had led to a new symbol proposal in 2000 presented an opportunity to examine the comparative effectiveness of pictorial, schematic, and abstract symbols; to assess the tenability of Saussures signifier-signified arbitrary sign relationship in the context of visual representations; to validate Peirces semiotic theories of iconicity, indexicality, and symbolicity in relation to graphical symbol form; to gauge the utility of ISO 9186: 2001 in a new context; and to...