Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease affecting one third of postmenopausal women and most of elderly men. The heavy metal and environmental pollutant cadmium (Cd) has been identified as a risk factor for osteoporosis.Exposure to Cd is associated with renal and skeletal damage and also with some cancers. Osteoporosis may be a critical consequence of Cd exposure, as shown in human and in animal studies. Whey, a by-product of cheese and curd manufacturing, was once considered a waste product.Today, whey is a popular dietary protein supplement purported to provide antimicrobial activity, immune...