The genus Juglans consists of about 21 species, many of which are of biological and economically important becasue of their high quality timber and nutirtious nuts. The fields of genetics and genomics are growing by leaps and bounds. In particular, new technologies now allow investigators to use high-throughput tools to generate large molecular datasets on non-model organisms. Theoretical concepts and DNA markers, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), Microsatellites(Simple sequence repeats, SSR), Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences(CAPS), Internal transcribed spacer (ITS),...