This study was done to explore the toxic effects of Aflatoxin B1 alone and in combination with Ochratoxin A in quail chicks. Day old quail chicks divided into seven equal groups (G0-G6) were administered with aflatoxin (AFB1) and ochratoxin (OTA) alone or in different combinations in feed. Ochratoxin was administered at dose levels of 1 and 1.5 ppm alone and 2ppm OTA in combination with 1 ppm AFB1 in G1, G2 and G3 respectively. AFB1 was administered daily into feed at dose rates of 1 and 1.5 ppm alone and 2ppm AFB1 in combination with 1 ppm OTA in G4, G5 and G6 respectively. Quail chicks fed...

Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant,especially due to its anthropogenic activity.The present study aimed to investigate some of the toxic effects of lead exposure in quails and its amelioration through vitamin E supplementation. A total number of 420, day old chicks of Japanese quail were assigned seven dietary treatments.. Control group received only basal diet without any supplementation. Other groups received lead (Pb) alone or in different combinations with vitamin E. Lead (Pb) was administered in the feed at a dose level of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg Pb. Vitamin E was administered in the...

Pakistan an Islamic country with democratic values situated in Sub continent. India and Pakistan are the part of Sub continent, they find their freedom in 1947 from British Rule.unfortunately division of resources was not fare, which create number of problems like settlements,allotment of lands, shortage of industry,livelihood sources and so on.This was not easy to overcome these problems at the time, but the insincere leadership, feudalism, Marshall laws and nepotism made these problems serious instead of solution.This research was conducted in tehsil Shorkot of district Jhang on...