Spinal disc degeneration, which is known to be the main cause for back pain, can result in a multitude of spinal disorders such as segment instability, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, disc herniation, and discogenic back pain. The reason for disc degeneration involves a decrease in the concentration of living cells, a decline in the nutrient supply, accumulation of degraded extracellular matrix molecules, and exposure to heavy mechanical loading over a long period of time. Disc degeneration is significant healthcare problem that is in need of more reliable and cost-effective solutions....