There has been recent emergence of some of the most exciting avenues for innovation in clinical medicine, with materials as their core - sustained drug delivery systems, gene therapy, regenerative therapies, and technologies for imaging and tumor targeting. Nanotechnology promises to take materials innovation to yet another level, through ground-up design of probes and systems that precisely deliver information to cells and tissues on demand. Combined with microfabrication technologies, these breakthroughs have the potential to revolutionize the detection and treatment of diseases and...