In the early modern period, all German cities were fortified places. Because contemporary jurists have defined city as a coherent social body in a protected place, the urban environment had to be physically separate from the surrounding countryside. This separation was crucial to guaranteeing the city's commercial, political, and legal privileges. Fortifications were therefore essential for any settlement to be termed a city. This book tells the story of German cities' metamorphoses from walled to defortified places between 1689 and 1866. Using a wealth of original sources, The...
In the early modern period, all German cities were fortified places. Because contemporary jurists have defined city as a coherent social body in a pro...
This new collection brings together some of the most exciting and important research now being done on the French Revolutionary era. The essays show the continuing vitality and importance of the field for anyone interested in the origins of some of the most important issues in the politics and culture of the modern West.
This new collection brings together some of the most exciting and important research now being done on the French Revolutionary era. The essays show t...
This new collection brings together some of the most exciting and important research now being done on the French Revolutionary era. The essays show the continuing vitality and importance of the field for anyone interested in the origins of some of the most important issues in the politics and culture of the modern West.
This new collection brings together some of the most exciting and important research now being done on the French Revolutionary era. The essays show t...
