This volume is based on some representative contributions presented in the wo- shop: Trends in nanophysics: theory, experiment, technology, which took place in Sibiu, Romania, 23 29 August 2009, being organized by ICTP-Trieste, IAEA, IFIN-HH Bucharest and ULB Sibiu. The aim of this workshop was to faci- tate experts and active researchers to exchange ideas and information on the most recent results in nanophysics and nanotechnology. It was also an opportunity for young researchers and for researchers from developing countries to enlarge their knowledge and to approach new themes in this area....