Complex systems and their phenomena are ubiquitous as they can be
found in biology, finance, the humanities, management sciences,
medicine, physics and similar fields.

For many problems in these fields, there are no conventional ways to
mathematically or analytically solve them completely at low cost. On
the other hand, nature already solved many optimization problems
efficiently. Computational intelligence attempts to mimic
nature-inspired problem-solving strategies and methods.

These strategies can be used to study, model and analyze complex
systems such...