Type 1 diabetes mellitus, an immune-mediated complex chronic metabolic disorder of multiple unknown aetiology, is a worldwide life-threatening serious and complex lifelong health condition, which results in substantial morbidity and mortality despite great advances in disease control and treatment interventions. There are indications that the destruction of insulin producing pancreatic beta cells may result from a series of unfavourable interactions between environmental factors over a limited period in genetically susceptible individuals. To minimise the increasing occurrence of the disease...