Le Congo est engage dans un processus de reformes economiques et sociales depuis le milieu des annees 80. Ces reformes structurelles visent la restructuration du secteur public, le desengagement de l'Etat de la sphere de production, la restructuration et la promotion du secteur prive. Les structures du secteur prive sont representees par les cliniques, les centres medico-sociaux, les cabinets medicaux, et les cabinets de soins. L'une des orientations de la politique nationale de sante stipule que l'Etat doit redefinir ses responsabilites en ouvrant le secteur de la sante a d'autres acteurs...

As part of the Country Status Report series, this book provides a comprehensive review of the status of education in post-conflict South Sudan. It is a result of collaborative work between MOE, key education stakeholders in South Sudan, and the World Bank. The aim is to contribute to the development of a shared vision for the future of the education system between government, citizens, and partners of the new South Sudan. With the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005 began the establishment of a new education system specifically for South Sudan. Primary school enrollments...

This Education brief is intended for non-Russian researchers willing to get familiar with Russian education system and more generally for all those involved in education and education policy. It does not represent exhaustive information on Russian education system and all problems and challenges existing there, but provide a snapshot briefly describing its main features. Education brief - 2012 retains its main special feature which is the combination of statistical data and qualitative information to describe the organization and functioning of education system in the Russian Federation. The...

Today's world is changing at breakneck speed, shaking the very foundations of many societies. Increased mobility through massive urbanization and migration allows people unprecedented access to different cultures and ideas; advanced technologies speed the pace of human interaction; the globalization of communication offers new forms of social relationships that may directly contradict traditional norms for behavior. These changes create tremendous stresses on relationships in societies - affecting the way youth interact with their elders, the way women and men relate to each other, how urban...

The gradual acceleration of growth in developing countries is a defining feature of the past two decades. This acceleration came with major shifts in patterns of investment, saving, and capital flows. This second volume in the Global Development Horizons series analyzes these shifts and explores how they may evolve through 2030. Average domestic saving in developing countries stood at 34 percent of their GDP in 2010, up from 24 percent in 1990, while their investment was around 33 percent of their GDP in 2012, up from 26 percent. These trends in saving and investment, along with higher growth...

China should complete its transition to a market economy through enterprise, land, labor, and financial sector reforms, strengthen its private sector, open its markets to greater competition and innovation, and ensure equality of opportunity to help achieve its goal of a new structure for economic growth. These are some of the key findings of China 2030, a joint research report by a team from the World Bank and the Development Research Center of China s State Council. This report lays out the case for a new development strategy for China to rebalance the role of government and market, private...

The 1997 Bank reforms that introduced the matrix management concept aimed to adapt the organization to changing circumstances and address concerns among external stakeholders about the role of aid in development. The reforms were motivated largely by widespread recognition that the Bank's development programs were excessively driven by a culture of lending, with insufficient attention to client needs and the quality of results, which are crucial to development effectiveness. A previous round of reforms in 1987 had strengthened the country focus, but quality remained a concern. Furthermore,...

This report provides Mayors and other policymakers with a policy framework and diagnostic tools to anticipate and implement strategies that can avoid their cities from locking into irreversible physical and social structures. At the core of the policy framework are the three main dimensions of urban development. *Planning-- where the focus is on making land transactions easier, and making land use regulations more responsive to emerging needs especially to coordinate land use planning with infrastructure, natural resource management, and risks from hazards; *Connecting-- where the focus is on...

Urbanization beyond Municipal Boundaries informs policy priorities to manage India's urbanization. Incisive analysis of the patterns of India's urbanization using geo-referenced data from various rounds of the population and economic census highlights rapid suburbanization of people and fi rms around the country's largest metropolitan areas. However, the move to the suburbs is accelerated by land and housing shortages in metropolitan cores, coupled with high transport costs between the metropolitan core and its periphery, and much worse infrastructure access and quality for water,...

As part of its strategy to support global trade, the World Bank Group seeks to enhance trade finance in emerging markets. In 2005 the International Finance Corporation (IFC), part of the Bank Group, introduced the Global Trade Finance Program (GTFP) to support the extension of trade finance to underserved clients globally. This IEG evaluation found that overall, the GTFP was a relevant response to the demand to reduce risk in trade finance in emerging markets. The program significantly improved IFC's engagement in trade finance by introducing an open network of banks and a quick, flexible...