1992 manual from the United States Marine Corps. One of the great recurring failures in modern European warfare has been unpreparedness for winter warfare. Men, horses, and machine all have special needs if they are to operate effectively in conditions of cold, snow, and ice yet, particularly after the heyday of the warrior kings of Sweden, army commanders and political leaders seemed gradually to abandon the idea that a specific type of war needs to be waged. Napoleon, World War I generals, Stalin, and Hitler all paid a grim price for this strategic amnesia. In "On Winter Warfare," the U.S....