This book provides comprehensive coverage of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL), a major management modality for keratoconus and ectatic corneal disorders. All aspects are covered, including refractive and non-refractive surgery indications, models of application, safety, efficacy, performance, outcome measures, evidence of CXL, complications, contraindications, use in children, and controversies. The discussion reflects the considerable progress that has been made in understanding of the modality since its development in the late 1990s. Detailed attention is paid to new concepts, changing...

Refractive surgery is eye surgery to improve the refractive state of the eye and reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses. The most common type of refractive surgery uses lasers to reshape the curvature of the cornea. This book is a comprehensive guide to refractive surgery. Presented in five steps, it begins with discussion on corneal imaging and its clinical application. The second step examines key refractive procedures and step three offers advice on rules and guidelines for refractive surgery. Step four is a guide to actually starting the procedure and avoidable...

This book addresses customized laser vision correction, an integral management option for the treatment of irregular corneas. This type of treatment reshapes the corneal surface in order to improve both the quality and the quantity of vision by reducing high order aberrations.