The focus of this study is to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of the microclimatic conditions in gaps and the sub-canopy in broadleaved deciduous forests. This was achieved by applying a combination of numerical modelling and remote sensing techniques. A spatially explicit model of forest gap microclimate and soil water balance, FORGAP-BD (FORest GAP - Broadleaved Deciduous) was developed based on previous reviewed literatures and field measurements. The spatial input variables for FORGAP-BD model such as leaf area index, land surface elevation, gap and canopy properties and canopy...