The tubercle of Zuckerkandl (TZ) is an important anatomical landmark which aids in the identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgeries. This study evaluates the incidence and grading of a recognizable TZ in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. We found that thyroid disease was common among female patients (80%) and less in male (20%). The tubercle of Zuckerkandl was present bilaterally in 36.7% of patients and 56.7% unilaterally. Out of 60 thyroid lobes, TZ has grade 0 in 10 %, grade 1 in 6.7%, grade 2 in 33.3 % and grade 3 in 50%. The recurrent laryngeal nerve passes...

This book primarily focuses on a hybrid model (CSAL) comprising of patient based analytic critical reasoning, case-script-based small group discussions, self-directed collaborative peer learning and subsequent combined clinical pathologic case conference. A self-reflective well-structured portfolio (MESRA) for assessment and evaluation used in this model is also described. Patient-based case-script delivered through a series of small group discussion is a feasible model explained with illustration as the clinical teaching method experienced with real patients in PBL. The book has two parts;...

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TJDs) are problems that affect the joint between the lower jaw and the base of the skull. A TJD is not usually a serious condition, but symptoms can impact significantly on quality of life (NHS Choices). This book is a practical guide to diagnostic aids for temporomandibular joint disorders, to help trainees and practitioners select appropriate treatment plans. Beginning with an introduction to the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and classification of associated disorders, the following chapters describe different diagnostic techniques including...