Epilepsy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) are both associated with abnormal brain activity and frequently coexist. Epilepsy patients were found to be drowsier when compared with general population using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The aim of this study is to determine the association of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in epilepsy patients, as well as the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the predictors of sleepiness among epileptics in South East Asian patients. Five of sixty participants (8.3%) were diagnosed with OSAS and four of them were males. OSAS...

The tubercle of Zuckerkandl (TZ) is an important anatomical landmark which aids in the identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgeries. This study evaluates the incidence and grading of a recognizable TZ in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. We found that thyroid disease was common among female patients (80%) and less in male (20%). The tubercle of Zuckerkandl was present bilaterally in 36.7% of patients and 56.7% unilaterally. Out of 60 thyroid lobes, TZ has grade 0 in 10 %, grade 1 in 6.7%, grade 2 in 33.3 % and grade 3 in 50%. The recurrent laryngeal nerve passes...

This book provides concise critical points used during most types of head and neck surgeries combined with captivating figures and labeled photographs as well as live surgery photographs. Important head and neck surgery such as thyroid surgery, salivary glands surgery, sinonasal surgery, laryngeal surgery, and neck dissection are incorporated in this book. Each chapter starts with the anatomical description of the surgical structures with labelled photographs, in order to facilitate the reader's understanding the anatomic region of the surgical structures, the...