Plastic surgery, a 1950s curiosity, today is an obsession. How was it transformed? Who triggered its mania? Can it return to its roots: treating the disfigured and burned? Brazil's Ivo Pitanguy led plastic surgery from obscurity and ridicule to prominence and praise. He created its first dedicated hospital, founded by far its largest postgraduate school and charity, invented key operations for the head and body, and made Rio de Janeiro the planet's beauty surgery capital. The press reported his operations on Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Persian Empress Farah Diba, French president Francois...